Royal Army Educational Corps (Raec) Collar Badges

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Vendeur: queenslancer ✉️ (13.677) 100%, Lieu où se trouve: Lisburn, GB, Lieu de livraison: WORLDWIDE, Numéro de l'objet: 152816711090 ROYAL ARMY EDUCATIONAL CORPS (RAEC) COLLAR BADGES. ROYAL ARMY EDUCATIONAL CORPS (RAEC) COLLAR BADGES

ROYAL ARMY EDUCATIONAL CORPS (RAEC) COLLAR BADGES

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Description

Royal Army Educational Corps (RAEC) Collar Badges

This Sale is for a pair of Collar Badges as formerly worn by non commissioned personel of the Royal Army Educational Corps (RAEC).

Brand new pair of staybrite anodised Collar Badges,in a Gold and Silver finish, complete with their mounted lugs, brass backing plates and brass split pins.   

Guaranteed brand new and in mint condition.  

Brief Corps History

The Royal Army Educational Corps  (RAEC ) was a Corps  of the British Army  tasked with educating and instructing personnel in a diverse range of skills. On 6 April, 1992 it became the Educational and Training Services Branch  (ETS ) of the Adjutant General's Corps .  

1846–1914

On 2 July 1845 the Corps of Army Schoolmasters was formed, staffed by Warrant Officers and senior non-commissioned Officers, as well as a few Commissioned Officers who served as Inspectors and Headmasters .

In 1848 the Army Schoolmistresses were formed to support the Corps .

In 1859 its duties were extended from simple schooling within the Army to assume responsibility for the Army Schools and Libraries and in 1903 the Army Schoolmasters fell under the jurisdiction of the Adjutant-General . By the early 1900s, soldiers began to be admitted to evening classes , and some Garrisons opened vocational classes . In 1914, a committee was set up for the "industrial training of soldiers ", underlining the Army's intent to properly equip soldiers for civilian life . This committee recommended that soldiers should be struck off duty during their last three months of service , in order to allow them to attend vocational training .

First World War

Despite the strains of the First World War on the British Army , education of soldiers did not stop. Unlike the German Army , the British Army was circulated in and out of the front line , reserve line , and rest areas . This allowed education to continue , albeit in a disrupted fashion. Even whilst in the trenches, boredom meant the soldiery desired news and information , and in accordance, a Staff Officer would organise lectures to satisfy these needs . The issue of resettlement was also raised by the war , and so a scheme was established to prepare men for civilian life .

1920–1939

A Royal Warrant  established the Army Educational Corps  on 15 June 1920. The wartime  task of its members  was to "assist by all means in their power the maintenance of a high spirit of devotion and well being in their units ". Peacetime duties  were more clearly defined, and AEC  personnel  were expected to do specialist and advisory work , the bulk of the teaching  which was to be done by Regimental Officers . AEC was  staffed by commissioned and non-commissioned personnel. The Army Educational Corps  succeeded a series of other systems and establishments traceable back to the eighteenth century. A higher standard of Military education  was demanded by the increasing complexity of modern warfare and the Corps of Army Schoolmasters  gave way to the AEC . Their first Badge  was an open book  resting on crossed Lances  and Rifles  all in brass and this was both interesting and attractive. In 1928 the Army Schoolmistresses  became the Queen's Army Schoolmistresses . They were disbanded in 1970.  

Second World War

The Second World War saw the normal work of the Corps radically change. The need for both physically and mentally competent troops resulted in an increased workload for the Army Education Centres . The AEC began to operate in a variety of different theatres and locations throughout the war , including the unexpected task of sending news-sheet teams with the D-Day landings . Recruits saw training time double , with education being conducted in hospitals , prisons and displaced persons camps .

The end of the war saw the Corps involved in the daunting task of returning a National Army to civilian occupation . Unit Education Officers gave pre-release advice whilst the Corps organised an extensive network of "formation colleges".

1946–1992

After the war the AEC continued its work educating soldiers and helping them to resettle into civilian life .

On 28 November, 1946 the Army Educational Corps was honoured with the title of "Royal" prefix for its service in the Second World War. In Britain this honour must be bestowed directly by the Monarch , and allows the relevant service or organisation the right to use a representation of the Crown in their Badge . King George VI contributed to the design of the new Badge . Made  'Royal ' the Corps  sought a new Badge  and a white metal torch of learning  came into use with a brass King's Crown  superimposed midway rather than above, the scroll  below the Crown  being lettered 'RAEC '. A Queen's Crown Badge  was issued subsequently in the 1950's. From 1962 it was staffed exclusively by Commissioned Officer s, and the non-commissioned personnel  were either Commissioned  or left the Army .

In 1971, the education of soldiers was radically changed . Recruits joining the Army were generally poorly qualified and although the tasks of soldiering were easily mastered, the additional responsibilities involved in being an NCO proved more difficult. The new system introduced the Education Promotion Certificate . This was designed to specifically meet the training needs of potential Sergeants and Warrant Officers .

 

Functions

The RAEC had four main functions:

  • To carry out educational training of Troops.
  • To act as Instructors in Trade Schools for boy entrants.
  • To act as Masters in the Duke of York's Royal Military School, Dover, and the Queen Victoria School, Dunblane, and the Royal Hibernian Military School 
  • To teach the children of soldiers in large Garrison Schools .

The last two functions were handed over to civilian agencies after the Second World War .  

Headquarters From 1944 to 1992 the RAEC  was Headquartered  at Eltham Palace . Subsequently they were based at Trenchard Lines  (the former RAF Upavon ), Pewsey , Wiltshire . Aspirant  National Service Sergeant Instructors  underwent  training  at the  Army School of Education , situated at the end of the  Second World War  at  Buchanan Castle ,  Drymen  in  Scotland , and later, from 1948, at the  Walker Lines ,  Bodmin  in  Cornwall .  

Personnel

In 1910, the Army opened its own Normal School at Aldershot to train Army Schoolmasters . Before this they had been trained at the Duke of York's Military School and many of the recruits had started as pupil teachers at the three Military Schools . Many personnel were former front-line soldiers who had decided to take more sedentary jobs in the later years of their service . Two AEC Officers , Archie Cecil Thomas White and James Lennox Dawson , had won the Victoria Cross in the First World War .  By 1938, AEC recruits  were required to be between 20 and 25 years of age. They had to be either qualified Teachers  or University Graduates . They initially enlisted for twelve years and were immediately promoted Sergeant.

During the Second World War many University Lecturers joined the AEC . After the Second World War , National Service men with Degrees or good Secondary School education s were accepted for service in the RAEC , and trained at the Army School of Education , before being posted to units as Sergeant Instructors .  

Options for Change On the 6th April, 1992 they formed with:  Women Royal Army Corps  ( WRAC );  Royal Army Pay Corps  ( RAPC );  Royal Military Police  ( RMP );  Army Legal Corps  ( ALC );  Staff Clerks of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps  ( RAOC );  Royal Army Chaplains Department  ( RAChD );  Military Provost Staff Corps  ( MPSC ), to create  The Adjutant General's Corps  ( AGC ). The RAEC  lost its Corps status  and became the Educational  and Training Services Branch  of the new Adjutant General's Corps .  

Notable personnel

Royal Army Educational Corps Officers

  • David Geoffrey Chandler (15 January 1934 – 10 October 2004) was a British Historian whose study focused on the Napoleonic era .  

As a young man he served briefly in the Army , reaching the rank of Captain , and in later life he taught at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurs t . Oxford University awarded him the D. Litt . in 1991. He held three Visiting Professorships : at Ohio State in 1970, at the Virginia Military Institute in 1988, and Marine Corps University in 1991.

According to his obituary in The Daily Telegraph , his "comprehensive account of Napoleon's battles " (The Campaigns of Napoleon ) is "unlikely to be improved upon, despite a legion of rivals . ... General de Gaulle wrote to Chandler in French declaring that he had surpassed every other writer about the Emperor's Military career. "

He was also the author of a Military biography of John Churchill , 1st Duke of Marlborough and of The Art of Warfare in the Age of Marlborough .

  • Sir George Roland Chetwynd , CBE (14 May 1916 – 2 September 1982) was a British Lecturer , Politician and P ublic servant . He defeated Harold Macmillan in order to get elected as a Member of Parliament , but later left Parliament to become Director of the North East Development Council for five years in the 1960s.  

Chetwynd was the son of a miner , and was brought up in north Warwickshire . An academically gifted child, he passed the Eleven plus and attended Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School in Atherstone ; he then won a place at King's College London where he obtained a BA (Hons .) in History and a postgraduate scholarship in the same subject . He joined the Labour Party in 1936 and earned a living by being a Lecturer for the Workers Educational Association .

In 1940, during World War II , Chetwynd enlisted in the Royal Artillery . Two years later he was commissioned into the Royal Army Educational Corps where he trained troops ; by the end of the war he held the rank of Captain . At the 1945 General Election , Chetwynd fought Stockton-on-Tees as the Labour Party candidate against the rising Conservative Minister Harold Macmillan ; in one of the first results to be declared, he won with a majority of 8,664 .

  • Sir William Llewelyn Davies (born William Davies , and adding "Llewelyn " after marrying Gwen Llewelyn ) (11 October 1887 – 11 November 1952) was Chief Librarian of the National Library of Wales , Aberystwyth from 1930 until his death.

Davies was born near Pwllheli , in Caernarfonshire , north Wales , on 11 October 1887. He was educated in Porthmadog and was a pupil-teacher in Penrhyndeudraet h before studying at the University College of Wales (later to become Aberystwyth University ). After graduating , he taught in various locations in Wales and at the University College , Cardiff (later to become Cardiff University ). He was a member of the Royal Garrison Artillery during the First World War and then an Officer in the Army Education Service . In 1919, he was appointed first assistant Librarian at the National Library of Wales in Aberystwyth , under John Ballinger ; he succeeded Ballinger on his retirement in 1930 and continued as Chief Librarian until he died on 11 November 1952. During his time as Chief Librarian , he worked to collect and preserve many Welsh manuscripts and materials located in private hands or other collections, and he acquired approximately 3.3 million documents (the Library had only about 200,000 documents when he was appointed Chief Librarian ). His work for the Library and Wales were noted with the award of a Knighthood in 1944 and an honorary doctorate by the University of Wales in 1951. He served as High Sheriff of Merionethshire in 1951.  

  • Eric William Fenby OBE (22 April 1906 – 18 February 1997) was an English Composer and Teacher who is best known for being Frederick Delius's amanuensis from 1928 to 1934. He helped Delius realise a number of works that would not otherwise have been forthcoming.

Fenby was born in Scarborough , North Yorkshire , and as a youth took lessons in the piano, organ and cello. At the age of 12 he was appointed organist at Holy Trinity Church . As a composer he was largely self-taught. By 1925 he had conducted a work for string orchestra at the Spa Grand Hall in Scarborough and had written some minor pieces.

In 1928, hearing that Delius had become virtually helpless because of blindness and paralysis (due to syphilis ), he offered to serve him as an amanuensis . Fenby worked, at the composer's home in Grez-sur-Loing , near Paris , for extended periods until Delius died almost six years later. The project was taxing not only because of the need to devise a unique mode of musical communication but also because of Delius's difficult temperament and atheism . Although born into a Methodist household , Fenby had recently become a devout Catholic . The strain on him was intensified by the requirement to act as nurse during the composer's final days. Then followed further responsibilities including visiting Delius's severely ill widow Jelka and accompanying the composer's exhumed body back to England for burial. The whole experience left him "completely burnt out". In 1936, he published an account, Delius As I Knew Him .

Aft er Delius's death, Fenby entered the employ of the music publisher Boosey & Hawkes . He was contracted to write the score for Alfred Hitchcock 's Jamaica Inn (from Daphne du Maurier's novel ), but his film career was interrupted by World War II ; after joining the Royal Artillery , he was transferred to the Education Corps at Bulford , where he conducted the Southern Command Orchestra , and was later commissioned to run Royal Army Education Corps courses in Lancashire . Having left the Catholic Church , he married Rowena C. T. Marshall (daughter of a Scarborough Vicar ) in 1944. They had a son Roger and a daughter Ruth.

After the war Fenby founded the music department of the North Riding Training College . He was artistic director for the 1962 Bradford Delius Festival . He then became Professor of Harmony at the Royal Academy of Music in London from 1964 until 1977.

He died in Scarborough having returned to Catholicism in his final years.

Fenby was appointed an Officer of Order of the British Empire (OBE ) in 1962 for his artistic direction of the 1962 Delius Centenary Festival in Bradford . He was appointed President of the Delius Society that same year.

He was awarded honorary doctorates from the Universities of Jacksonville , Bradford and Warwick .  

As a conductor and pianist, he made numerous recordings, including the definitive performances found in the Fenby Legacy double LP for Unicorn Records , and was advisor to Ken Russell for the 1968 film Song of Summer (in which he was portrayed by Christopher Gable ). He recorded the three Delius violin sonatas , firstly with Ralph Holmes and later with Yehudi Menuhin , and the Delius Cello Sonata with Julian Lloyd Webber . He was also the subject of a documentary film by Yorkshire Television called S ong of Farewell .  

  • Nigel Robert Haywood CVO (born 17 March 1955) is a British Diplomat , the former British Ambassador to Estonia and the current Governor of the Falkland Islands .  

Haywood was born in Betchworth , Surrey but moved to Cornwall (his mother's home county) when he was nine, following the death of his father . Educated at Truro School , Haywood studied English at New College , Oxford and then attended the R oyal Military Academy Sandhurst before going back to Oxford to study linguistics , eventually becoming a Membe r of the Chartered Institute of Linguists . Haywood , a Cornish language speaker , was made a bard of the Gorsedh Kernow in 1976.

After leaving Sandhurst , Haywood was a Lieutenant in the Royal Army Educational Corps before joining Her Majesty's Diplomatic Service in 1983. He first worked in the Foreign and Commonwealth Office with postings in the Republic of Ireland , Hungary , Israel , and Lebanon . In 1992 he be became the Deputy Consul-General in Johannesburg and in 1996 he was appointed Deputy Head of the UK's Delegation to the Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe in Vienna .

From 2003 to 2008 Haywood was the Ambassado r from the United Kingdom to Estonia , during which time he and his wife featured in the BBC series Monarchy : T he Royal Family at Work which documented Queen Elizabeth II 's 2006 visit to Tallinn . After five years as Ambassador , Haywood became the Consul-General in Basra , Iraq .

In 2009 it was announced that Haywood had been appointed Governor of the Falkland Islands and Commissioner for South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands ; he took up office on 16 October 2010.

As Governor , Haywood led commemorations for the 30th anniversary of the Falklands War in 2012 and strongly criticised Argentina's sovereignty claim over the Falklands during increased tensions following the 30th anniversary of the war and the decision of the Falkland Islands Government to start oil exploration in Falklands territorial waters . Haywood also used his position to praise the influence of the islands' Chilean population and promote links with Chile .

In 2011 the Argentine Defence minister , Arturo Puricelli , stated that the Falkland Islanders were kept as "hostages" on the islands and later suggested that the British Military "is the only element that upholds the usurpation of that part of our national territory". This led Haywood to propose a referendum to see whether islanders want to remain British or not "so we can solve the issue once and for all". A referendum was subsequently held in March 2013 in which 99.8% of the islanders voted to remain a British Overseas Territory . Following the vote Haywood said, "Obviously it is a major principle of the United Nations that a people have their right to self-determination, and you don't get a much clearer expression of the people's self-determination than such a large turnout and such a large 'yes' vote."

In late 2012 the Foreign and Commonwealth Office announced that Haywood would be leaving the Falklands in April 2014 and would be replaced as Governor and Commissioner by Colin Roberts .  

  • Paul Bede Johnson (born 2 November 1928) is an English Journalist , Historian , Speechwriter and Author . He was educated at the Jesuit independent school Stonyhurst College , and at Magdalen College , Oxford . Johnson first came to prominence in the 1950s as a journalist writing for , and later editing , the New Statesman magazine .

A prolific writer, he has written over 40 books and contributed to numerous magazines and newspapers. While associated with the left in his early career, he is now a Conservative popular historian . His sons are the journalist Daniel Johnson , founder of Standpoint , and the businessman Luke Johnson , former Chairman of Channel 4 .  

Johnson was born in Manchester , England . His father , William Aloysius Johnson , was an artist and Principal of the Art School in Burslem , Stoke-on-Trent , Staffordshire . At Stonyhurst , Johnson received an education grounded in the Jesuit method , which he preferred over the more secularized curriculum of Oxford . One of his tutors at Oxford was the historian A. J. P. Taylor .   

After graduating with a second-class honours degree , Johnson performed his National Service in the Army , joining the King's Royal Rifle Corps and then the Royal Army Educational Corps , where he was Commissioned as a Captain (acting) based mainly in Gibraltar . Here he saw the "grim misery and cruelty of the Franco regime ". Johnson's Military record helped the Paris periodical Realités hire him, where he was assistant editor from 1952 to 1955.

Johnson adopted a left-wing political outlook during this period as he witnessed, in May 1952, the police response to a riot in Paris , the "ferocity [of which] I would not have believed had I not seen it with my own eyes. " Subsequently, he also served as the New Statesman ’s Paris correspondent . For a time he was a convinced Bevanite and an associate of Aneurin Bevan himself . Moving back to London in 1955, Johnson joined the Statesman' s staff .

Some of Johnson's writing already showed signs of iconoclasm. His first book, about the Suez War , appeared in 1957. An anonymous commentator in The Spectator wrote that "one of his [Johnson's] remarks about Mr. Gaitskell is quite as damaging as anything he has to say about Sir Anthony Eden ", but the Labour Party's opposition to the Suez intervention led Johnson to assert "the old militant spirit of the party was back ". The following year, he attacked Ian Fleming 's James Bond novel Dr No and in 1964 he warned of "The Menace of Beatlism " in an article contemporarily described as being "rather exaggerated " by Henry Fairlie in The Spectator .

He was successively Lead Writer , Deputy Editor and Editor of the New Statesman magazine from 1965 to 1970. He was found suspect for his attendances at the soirées of Lady Antonia Fraser , then married to a Conservative MP . There was some resistance to his appointment as New Statesman Editor , not least from the writer Leonard Woolf , who objected to a Catholic filling the position, and Johnson was placed on six months' probation.

Statesmen And Nations (1971), the anthology of his Statesman articles , contains numerous reviews of biographies of Conservative politicians and an openness to continental Europe; in one article Johnson took a positive view of events of May 1968 in Paris, an article which at the time of first publication led Colin Welch in The Spectator to accuse Johnson of possessing "a taste for violence ". According to this book, Johnson filed 54 overseas reports during his Statesman years.

During the 1970s Johnson became increasingly conservative in his outlook , and has largely remained so. In his Enemies of Society (1977), following a series of articles in the British press , he opposed the trade union movement , perceiving it as violent and intolerant, terming trade unionists "fascists". As Britain’s economy faltered, Johnson began to advocate the future British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher’s message of less government and less taxation. He was eventually won over to the Right and became one of Thatcher's closest advisers . “In the 1970s Britain was on its knees. The Left had no answers. "I became disgusted by the over-powerful trade unions which were destroying Britain ,” he recalled in 2004. After Thatcher's victory in the General Election of 1979 Johnson advised on changes to legislation concerning trade unions , and was also one of Thatcher's speechwriters . Johnson was quoted in 2004:

"' I was instantly drawn to her,' he recalls. 'I’d known Margaret at Oxford. She was not a party person. She was an individual who made up her own mind. People would say that she was much influenced by Karl Popper or Frederick Hayek . The result was that Thatcher followed three guiding principles: truthfulness, honesty and never borrowing money, '"

From 1981 to 2009, Johnson wrote a column for The Spectator ; initially focusing on media developments, it subsequently acquired the title "And Another Thing ". In his journalism, Johnson generally deals with issues and events which he sees as indicative of a general social decline, whether in art, education, religious observance or personal conduct. He has continued to contribute to the magazine , though less frequently than before. During the same period he contributed a column to the Daily Mail until 2001. In a Daily Telegraph interview in November 2003, he criticised the Mail for having a pernicious impact: "I came to the conclusion that that kind of journalism is bad for the country, bad for society, bad for the newspaper ".

Johnson is a regular contributor to The Daily Telegraph , mainly as a book reviewer , and in the United States to The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , Commentary and the National Review . He also writes for Forbes magazine . For a time in the early 1980s he wrote for The Sun .

Johnson is a critic of modernity because of what he sees as its moral relativism , and finds objectionable those who use Charles Darwin 's Theory of Evolution to justify their atheism or use it to promote biotechnological experimentation. As a result of Johnson's views on evolution, Richard Dawkins and Steven Pinker have been a target of Johnson's criticism . As a conservative Catholic , Johnson regards liberation theology as a heresy and defends clerical celibacy , but departs from others in seeing many good reasons for ordination of women as priests.

Admired by conservatives in the United States and elsewhere, he is strongly anti-communist . Johnson has defended Richard Nixon in the Watergate scandal , finding his cover-up considerably less heinous than Bill Clinton's perjury , and Oliver North 's involvement in the Iran-Contra Affair . In his Spectator column , Johnson defended his friend Jonathan Aitken , has expressed admiration for General Augusto Pinochet and (qualified) for General Franco .

Johnson was active in the campaign , led by Norman Lamont , to prevent General Pinochet's extradition to Spain , following the General's arrest in London . "There have been countless attempts to link him to human rights atrocities, but nobody has provided a single scrap of evidence, " Johnson was reported as saying in 1999. In Heroes (2008), Johnson returned to his longstanding claim that criticism of Pinochet's regime on human rights grounds came from "the Soviet Union, whose propaganda machine successfully demonised [Pinochet] among the chattering classes all over the world. It was the last triumph of the KGB before it vanished into history's dustbin. " He has described France as "a republic run by bureaucratic and party elites, whose errors are dealt with by strikes, street riots and blockades " rather than a democracy .

He served on the Royal Commission on the Press (1974–77) and was a member of the Cable Authority (regulator) from 1984 to 1990.

In 2006 Johnson was honoured with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by U.S. President George W. Bush . On the BBC programme Desert Island Discs in January 2012, Johnson professed himself unimpressed by Nelson Mandela .

Paul Johnson has been married to the psychotherapist and former Labour Party parliamentary candidate Marigold Hunt since 1958. They have three sons and a daughter: the journalist Daniel Johnson , a freelance writer, editor of Standpoint magazine , and previously associate editor of The Daily Telegraph , who is married to the writer and birth educator Sarah Johnson née Thompson ; Luke Johnson , businessman and former Chairman of Channel 4 Television ; Cosmo Johnson ; and Sophie Johnson-Clark , who has worked as a Television Script Editor and now resides in the US and is married to Spike Vrusho (aka Mike Clark ), the underground Sportswriter and author. Paul and Marigold Johnson have ten grandchildren.

In 1998 it was revealed Johnson had an affair lasting eleven years with the writer Gloria Stewart . Stewart went public with the affair to the newspapers after what she saw as Johnson’s hypocrisy over his views on morality, religion and family values.

Johnson is friend of British playwright Tom Stoppard , who dedicated his 1978 play Night and Day to him.

Johnson is a watercolourist, painting mainly landscapes, who has exhibited regularly.

  • Eric Stuart Joyce (born 13 October 1960) is a British Politician , who has been a Member of Parliament (MP ) since 2000, and has been the MP for Falkirk since 2005 .

Joyce served as a Private in the Black Watch before attending University and subsequently receiving a commission in th e Royal Army Educational Corps . He left the Army in 1999 at the rank of Major and served as the Public Affairs Officer at th e Commission for Racial Equality (Scotland ).

He was elected to Parliament in the 2000 Falkirk West by-election as a member of the Labour Party, retaining his seat in the 2001 General Election , and elected to the enlarged Falkirk constituency in the 2005 General Election . From 2003, Joyce served as a Parliamentary Private Secretary (PPS ) to a number of UK Government Ministers . He resigned as th e PPS to Bob Ainsworth on 3 September 2009 citing concerns over the war in Afghanistan .

Joyce was suspende d from the Labour Party in 2012 after he was arrested on suspicion of assault , and on 12 March 2012, having pleaded guilty , resigned from the party . In March 2013 he was once again arrested on suspicion of assault , but not prosecuted . Both incidents took place in a House of Commons bar and were related to alcohol . The selection of a replacement candidate has caused the 2013 Labour Party Falkirk candidate selection row , an internal NEC report into which has now been referred to the Scottish Police Service .

Joyce lived in Perth with his family for most of his childhood and adolescence.

Joyce joined the Army in 1978, initially as a Private in the Black Watch before taking a sabbatical between 1981 and 1987 to attend Technical College and University where he gained a BA (Hons ) in Religious Studie s from University of Stirling . As a University candidate Joyce was made a probationary Second Lieutenant on 25 August 1987. In 1987 he attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst before being commissioned into the Royal Army Educational Corps (later Adjutant General's Corps ) as a Subaltern with seniority to the 7 October 1981. After receiving his commission he continued his studies part-time and acquired an MA in Education from the University of Bath and an MBA from Keele University . During his time in the Army he served in Great Britain , Northern Ireland , Germany and Central America . He was promoted to Captain on 25 January 1990 and to Major in 1992. He left the Army , by resigning his commission on 12 March 1999, amid controversy after describing the Armed Force s as "racist, sexist and discriminatory ," before going on to serve as the Public Affairs Officer at the Commission for Racial Equality (Scotland ).

  • Sir Basil Henry Liddell Hart (31 October 1895 – 29 January 1970), commonly known throughout most of his career as Captain B. H. Liddell Hart , was an English Soldier , Military Historian and leading Military theorist . He is credited with greatly influencing the development of Armoured Warfare .

Born in Paris , as the son of an English Methodist Minister , Liddell Hart received his formal academic education at St Paul's School in London and at Corpus Christi College , Cambridge . His mother's side of the family , the Liddells , came from Liddellsdale , on the border with Scotland , and were associated with the South-Western Railway . The Harts were farmers from Gloucestershire and Herefordshire . As a child he was fascinated by aviation .

On the outbreak of World War I in 1914 Liddell Hart volunteered to become an Officer in the Kings Own Yorkshire Light Infantry . He fought on the Western Front . Liddell Hart's front line experience was relatively brief, confined to two short spells in the autumn and winter of 1915, being sent home from the front after suffering concussive injuries from a shell burst . He was promoted to the rank of Captain . He returned to the front for a third time in 1916, in time to participate in the Battle of the Somme . He was hit three times without serious injury before being badly gassed and sent out of the line on July 18, 1916. His Battalion was nearly wiped out on the first day of the offensive , a part of the 60,000 casualties suffered in the heaviest single day's loss in British history . The experiences he suffered on the Western Front profoundly affected him for the rest of his life. Transferred to be Adjutant to Volunteer units in Stroud and Cambridge , he spent a great deal of time training new units . During this time he wrote a several booklets on infantry drill and training , which came to the attention of General Sir Ivor Maxse . After the war he transferred to the Army Educational Corps and was given the opportunity to prepare a new edition of the Infantry Training Manual . In this manual Liddell Hart strove to instill the lessons of 1918, and carried on a correspondence with Maxse , a Commanding Officer during the Battle of Hamel and the Battle of Amiens . These battles provided a practical demonstration of tactics for attacking an entrenched enemy.

In April 1918 Liddell Hart married Jessie Stone , the daughter of J. J. Stone – who had been his assistant Adjutant at Stroud – and their son Adrian was born in 1922.

Liddell Hart was p laced on half-pay from 1924. He later retired from the Army in 1927. Two mild heart attacks in 1921 and 1922, probably the long-term effects of his gassing, precluded his further advancement in the downsized post-war Army . He spent the rest of his career as a theorist and writer . He worked as the Military Correspondent of the Daily Telegraph from 1925 to 1935, and of The Times from 1935 to 1939.

In the mid to late twenties Liddell Hart wrote a series of histories of major military figures , through which he advanced his ideas that the frontal assault was a strategy that was bound to fail at great cost in lives . He argued that the tremendous losses Britain suffered in the Great War were due to her Commanding Officers not appreciating this fact of history . In the histories he wrote on Scipio Africanis Major (1926), the Great Captains (1927) and Sherman (1929) he made the argument for maneuver warfare and taking the indirect approach to reach one's objectives . In the thirties Liddell Hart continued along this vein, and added the admonition that in the Great War Britain had moved away from her traditional strategy of using her Naval superiority to attack her adversaries in places unexpected and at times of her choosing, and instead committed herself to a large Army of conscripted men who fought on the Continent in direct confrontation with continental Armies . The idea of keeping the British Army off the continent thereby keeping British casualties low appealed to many people, among which was Neville Chamberlain .

In a series of article for The Times from November 1935 to November 1936, Liddell Hart argued that Britain's role in the next European war could be entrusted to the Air Force . He sought to avoid the complications involved from landing an Army on the Continent . He believed that Britain should discard the idea of intervening in Europe with an Army and inform the French that Britain would provide assistance , but from the Air . These ideas influenced Chamberlain , then Chancellor , who argued in discussions of the Defence Policy and Requirements Committee for a strong Air Force rather than an Army equipped for Continental warfare .

When Chamberlain became Prime Minister in 1937, Liddell Hart became a major intellectual influence behind British grand strategy of the late thirties. In May he prepared schemes for the reorganisation of the British Army for defence of the empire and delivered them to Sir Thomas Inskip , the Minister for the Co-Ordination of Defence . In June he gained an introduction to the Secretary of State for War , Leslie Hore-Belisha . Through July 1938 the two had an unofficial, close advisorial relationship. Liddell Hart provided Hore-Belisha with ideas that he would argue for in Cabinet or committees. On 20 October 1937, Chamberlain wrote to Hore-Belisha : "I have been reading in Europe in Arms by Liddell Hart. If you have not already done so you might find it interesting to glance at this, especially the chapter on the “Role of the British Army ”". Hore-Belisha wrote in reply : "I immediately read the “Role of the British Army” in Liddell Hart's book. I am impressed by his general theories ".

Liddell Hart , with Hore-Belisha , drafted a paper on 'The Role of the Army ' in November 1937 in which they argued that "home defence and empire defence were the primary responsibilities, and that the defence of other people's territory was, in comparison at least, secondary ". On 15 November Hore-Belisha wrote to Liddell Hart that "the Cabinet was moving towards the discontinuance of an Expeditionary Force for the Continent " and the next day wrote again to Liddell Hart , claiming Chamberlain was pleased by their paper on the role of the British Army and had requested from Liddell Hart a paper on 'The Reorientation of the Regular Army for Imperial Defence ".

Behind Liddell Hart's policy contributions was the idea that the British decision in 1914 to directly intervene on the Continent with a great Army was a mistake . He claimed that historically "the British way in warfare " was to leave Continental land battles to her allies , intervening only through Naval power , with the Army fighting the enemy away from its principal front in a "limited liability ".

In September 1939 the War Cabinet completely reversed the Liddell Hart -Chamberlain policy . With Europe on the brink of war and Germany threatening an invasion of Poland , the cabinet chose instead to advocate a British and Imperial Army of 55 Divisions , for intervention on the Continent to come to the aid of Poland , Norway and France . Liddell Hart's influence greatly waned.

Shortly after World War II Liddell Hart interviewed or debriefed many of the highest-ranking German Generals and published their accounts as The Other Side of the Hill (UK Edition, 1948) and The German Generals Talk (condensed US Edition, 1948). Later Liddell Hart was able to convince the family of Erwin Rommel to allow him to edit the surviving papers of the German Field Marshal into a form which he published in 1953 as the pseudo-memoir, The Rommel Papers .

The Queen made Liddell Hart a Knight Bachelor in the New Year Honours of 1966.

Liddell Hart set out following World War I to address the causes of the war's high casualty rate. He arrived at a set of principles that he considered the basis of all good strategy. Liddell Hart believed the failure to act upon these principles which was the case for nearly all Commanders in World War I led to the high casualty rate .

He reduced this set of principles to a single phrase: the indirect approach . The indirect approach had two fundamental principles :

a. Direct attacks against an enemy firmly in position almost never work and should never be attempted

b. To defeat the enemy one must first upset his equilibrium, which is not accomplished by the main attack , but must be done before the main attack can succeed.

In Liddell Hart's words,

In strategy the longest way round is often the shortest way there; a direct approach to the object exhausts the attacker and hardens the resistance by compression, whereas an indirect approach loosens the defender's hold by upsetting his balance.

As a corollary he explained

The profoundest truth of war is that the issue of battle is usually decided in the minds of the opposing commanders, not in the bodies of their men.

Liddell Hart argued that success can be gained by keeping one's enemy uncertain about the situation and one's intentions. By delivering what he does not expect and has therefore not prepared for, he will be mentally defeated.

Liddell Hart explained that one should not employ a rigid strategy revolving around powerful direct attacks nor fixed defensive positions. Instead, he preferred a more fluid elastic defence , where a mobile contingent can move as necessary in order to satisfy the conditions for the indirect approach . He later offered Erwin Rommel 's Northern Africa campaign as a classic example of this theory. Liddell Hart's theory closely match what is currently referred to as Maneuver warfare , and has been advanced by John Boyd and his OODA loop Theory of combat and maneuver .

He arrived at his conclusions after studying the great strategists of history (especially Sun Tzu , Napoleon , and Belisarius ) and their victories . He believed the indirect approach formed the common element in the careers of the men he studied. He also advocated the indirect approach as a valid strategy in other fields of endeavour, such as business , romance, etc.

As of 2009, Liddell Hart's personal papers and library form the central collection in the Liddell Hart Centre for Military Archives at King's College London .

Following the Second World War Liddell Hart pointed out that theories developed from those of J.F.C. Fuller and his own were adopted by Germany and used against the United Kingdom and its Allies during World War II with the practice of what became known as Blitzkrieg warfare . This is supported by multiple sources, including Wilhelm Ritter von Thoma , one of the early developers of Armoured warfare in Germany , who said: "The German Tank Officers closely followed the British ideas on Armoured warfare , particularlarly those of Liddell Hart, also General Fuller's ." Two influential German Officers with ties to the Nazi regime, Werner von Blomberg and Walther von Reichenau , read much of Liddell Hart's work and translated Liddell Hart's "The British Way in Warfare " into German . They circulated his ideas on mechanization throughout the Reichswehr . These ideas were reviewed and expanded upon by Guderian . In discussing the developments in Armoured warfare in the European nations and Soviet Russia in his Achtung-Panzer! , Guderian underscored the conflicts between the British Military Command and the British protagaonists for mechanization , specifically naming General Fuller, Martel and Liddell-Hart . This is further illustrated by Major General F.W. von Mellenthin , who in contrasting development of German Armoured warfare techniques versus British development at the same time commented "In spite of warnings by Liddell Hart on the need for co-operation between Tanks and Guns, British theories of Armoured warfare tended to swing in favor of the "all-tank" concept ." At one point the Chief of the General Staff , Ludwig Beck , a more conservative officer, is reported to have become so exasperated by Guderian and other younger officers expounding on the potential of Armoured warfare that he said he wished he could have six months without having to hear Liddel Hart's name. In point of fact, in Guderian's "Achtung-Panzer! ", written in 1937, Guderian mentions Liddell-Hart by name, years before the two had ever met:

In order to overcome the first of these disadvantages, the one related to unsupported Armour, the protagonists of mechanization - General Fuller, Martel, Liddell Hart and others - advocated reinforcing the all Tank units by Infantry and Artillery mounted on permanantly assigned Armoured vehicles, together with Mechanized Engineers, and Signals, Support and Supply elements.

Despite ample access and evidence to the facts, Shimon Naveh , an Israeli Military theorist , sought to undermine Liddell Hart in Israeli Military circles by claiming that after the war Liddell Hart "created " the idea that Blitzkrieg was a Military doctrine . Said Naveh , "It was the opposite of a doctrine. Blitzkrieg consisted of an avalanche of actions that were sorted out less by design and more by success. " Naveh advanced this argument as a means to attack the credibility of Liddell Hart, who had become highly influential among the Israeli Military .

Naveh claimed that by "manipulation and contrivance, Liddell Hart distorted the actual circumstances of the Blitzkrieg formation and obscured its origins. Through his indoctrinated idealization of an ostentatious concept he reinforced the myth of Blitzkrieg . By imposing, retrospectively, his own perceptions of mobile warfare upon the shallow concept of Blitzkrieg , he created a theoretical imbroglio that has taken 40 years to unravel ". Naveh claimed that in his letters to German Generals Erich von Manstein and Guderian , as well as relatives and associates of Rommel , Liddell Hart "imposed his own fabricated version of Blitzkrieg on the latter and compelled him to proclaim it as original formula ".

Naveh has a long history of attacking the intelligence and character of people he is in intellectual conflict with , including the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces . Of these men he claimed in an interview : "They are on the brink of illiteracy. The Army's tragedy is that it is managed by Battalion Commanders who were good and Generals who did not receive the tools to cope with their challenges. Halutz is not stupid, even Dudu Ben Bashat is not stupid, even though he is an idiot, and his successor, Major General Uri Marom, is a total bastard. "

To buttress his attack upon Liddell Hart , Naveh sought to highlight the fact that the edition of Guderian's memoirs published in Germany differed from the one published in the United Kingdom in that Guderian neglected to mention the influence of the English theorists such as Fuller and Liddell Hart in the German-language versions. One example of the influence of these men on Guderian was the report on the Battle of Cambrai published by Fuller in 1920, who at the time was a Staff Officer at the Royal Tank Corps . His findings and theories on Armoured warfare were in fact read and later taken up by Guderian , who helped to formulate the basis of operations that was to become known as Blitzkrieg warfare . These tactics involved deep penetration of the Armoured formations supported behind enemy lines by bomb-carrying aircraft . Dive bombers were the principle agents of delivery of high explosives in support of the forward units.

The German version of Guderian's memoirs was published before the British copy . An explanation for the difference between the two translations can be found in the correspondence between the two men. In one letter to Guderian , Liddell Hart reminded the German general that he should provide him the credit he was due, offering "You might care to insert a remark that I emphasized the use of Armoured forces for long-range operations against the opposing Army's communications, and also the proposed type of Armoured Division combining Panzer and Panzer-infantry units – and that these points particularly impressed you. " In his early writings on Mechanized warfare Liddell Hart is well known to have proposed that infantry be carried along with the fast moving Armoured formations. He described them as "tank marines " like the soldiers the Royal Navy carried with their ships. He proposed they be carried along in their own tracked vehicles and dismount to help take better defended positions that otherwise would hold up the Armoured units. This contrasted with Fuller's ideas of a Tank Army , which put heavy emphasis on massed Armoured formations. Liddell Hart foresaw the need for a combined arms force with Mobile Infantry and Artillery , which was similar but not identical to the make up of the Panzer Divisions that Guderian created in Germany .

Guderian corrected the oversight, and did as Liddell Hart requested. When Liddell Hart was questioned in 1968 about the oversight and difference between the English and German editions of Guderian's memoirs , he graciously replied merely: "There is nothing about the matter in my file of correspondence with Guderian himself except...that I thanked him...for what he said in that additional paragraph. "

On 4 September 2006, MI5 files were released which showed MI5 had suspicions that plans for the D-Day invasion had been leaked to Liddell Hart . Liddell Hart had prepared a treatise titled S ome Reflections on the Problems of Invading the Continent , which he circulated amongst Political and Military figures . It is possible that Liddell Hart had correctly deduced a number of aspects of the upcoming Allied invasion , including the location of the landings . Liddell Hart stated his work was merely speculative. MI5 placed him under surveillance , intercepting his telephone calls and letters . Their conclusion was that Liddell Hart might have received the plans from General Sir Tim Pile , who was in command of Anti-aircraft defences . No case was ever brought against Pile , supporting the notion that Liddell Hart had simply perceived the same problems and arrived at the same conclusions that the Allied General staff had.  

  • Marcus Lipton CBE (29 October 1900 – 22 February 1978) was a British Labour Party politician .

    The son of Benjamin and Mary Lipton of Sunderland , he was educated at Hudson Road Council Schoo l and Bede Grammar School in the town, before winning a scholarship to Merton College , Oxford in 1919. He was supported by a Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths exhibition bursary . He graduated with a Second in Modern History in 1922 and then studied law and was called to the bar at Gray's Inn in 1926.

    Lipton ran a free advice surgery in Brixton , south London from 1933. He entered politics in 1934, when he was elected to Stepney Borough Council . He became an Alderman of Lambeth Metropolitan Borough Council in 1937 serving until 1959. Shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War , Lipton enlisted as a Private in a Territorial Army uni t of the Royal Army Pay Corps . He was Commissioned as an Officer in the Army Educational Corps in 1941, rising to Lieutenant-Colonel by the end of the conflict in 1945.

    He was elected Member of Parliament for Brixton in the 1945 General Election , defeating the sitting Conservative Party MP Nigel Colman . He retained the seat at each subsequent election until it was abolished at the February 1974 General Election . He was subsequently elected as MP for the successor seat of Lambeth Central , remaining in the Commons until his death.

    Lipton was an active Parliamentarian , known for putting topical and difficult questions to the executive. He used Parliamentary privilege to question Prime Minister Anthony Eden about the alleged Third Man , Kim Philby . Philby used the press and the law to force Lipton to withdraw his comments, although Philby was subsequently unmasked as a Soviet spy . In 1964 Lipton brought up the case of the missing Lionel Crabb , again using Parliamentary privilege .

    After a CIA pilot flying in support of th e 1954 Guatemalan coup d'état deliberately Napalmed and destroyed the British cargo ship SS Springfjord , Lipton pursued successive Conservative and Labour Foreign Secretaries for the next 13 years over the UK's failure to obtain any compensation for the attack .

    As a man of an entirely different generation, Lipton in his last years was often critical of the form the Pop and Rock music industries had developed by the 1970s. On 2 June 1975, he attacked the "mass hysteria deliberately created by the promoters of pop concerts " following scenes at Bay City Rollers shows. Later, in response to the Sex Pistols ' criticism of the British Royal Family , he argued that "if pop music is going to be used to destroy our established institutions, then it must be destroyed first ".

    In 1949 he was created an OBE , advanced to a CBE in 1965. In 1974 he was made an Honorary Freeman of the London Borough of Lambeth . In January 1978 he announced he would not run for parliament again. He collapsed at his home in Holborn , London on 20 February 1978 and died two days later in Westminster Hospital .

    A Youth Centre in Lambeth is named after him . He gave a tour of Parliament to a 13-year-old constituent in the 1950s, John Major , sparking a political ambition that led Major to becoming Conservative Prime Minister .

  • Harold Mark s (23 February 1914 – 28 March 2005) was a British Educationalist who worked in and for Adult and post-school education .

    Harold Marks was born in London and educated at Caterham School , University College , Oxford (BA in Modern Greats ), and Wesleyan University , Connecticut . At Oxford he fell under the influence of G . D . H . Cole and Sandy Lindsay . He began his career in adult education in south Wales before taking up an appointment as Oxford University extramural tutor in Staffordshire 1936–42.

    During the Second World War he served in the Royal Tank Regiment and the Royal Army Educational Corps . In 1946 he left the Army with the rank of Captain .

    After the War he was served as Rowntree Trust as Education Secretary to the Educational Centres Association and Educational Adviser to the National Federation of Community Associations . He joined Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education in 1951, working in Yorkshire and Kent & Surrey before being promoted Staff Inspector in 1970.

    After retiring he worked for the National Association for the Care and Resettlement of Offenders and the National Voluntary Youth Organisation .

    He was married to the well known Potter and Artist, Margarete Heymann the artistic director of Hael Pottery , 1 2 NYTimes with whom he had a daughter, Frances Marks .

    His published writings included:

    • Chapters in Bernard Jennings, Community Education In England And Wales (1980)

    • With K. T. Elsdon, Adults In The Colleges Of Further Education (1991)

    • Chapters in Enterprising Neighbours (1990)

    • With K. T. Elsdon, An Education For The People? A History Of HMI And Lifelong Education (2001)  

    If today the need for careers education, as opposed to job finding, is recognised as every young person's right and the duty of every school, it is due to his work as one of His/ Her Majesty's Inspectors of Education (HMI ), from 1951 to 1979.
  • Noel Ernest Ackroyd Moore (25 November 1928 – 30 May 2008) was a British Civil Servant who was responsible for running the process leading to the decimalisation of the UK's currency in 1971. He was later Principal of the Civil Service College .

    Born in Yorkshire , on 25 November 1928, Moore was the son of a Monumental Mason . Schooled at Penistone Grammar School , he went up to Gonville and Caius College , Cambridge on a scholarship to read Modern Languages , graduating in 1950. During his time at Cambridge he won a half-blue for Chess , and developed what would be a lifelong interest in the history and culture of Europe . University was followed by National Service , a period in the ranks was followed by a Commission as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Army Educational Corps .

    Moore entered the Post Office in 1952 in the grade of Assistant Principa l. He initially retained an Army Commission in the Territorial Army , transferring to the Intelligence Corps on 26 November 1952. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 16 February 1953, acting Captain on 1 June 1954 and substantive Captain on 25 November 1955. He transferred to the TA Reserve of Officers on 2 May 1956. He was promoted to the grade of Principal in 1957.

    Moore began his association with decimalisation in 1961 when he was appointed secretary to the British Committee of Inquiry on Decimal Currency , chaired by John Giffard, 3rd Earl of Halsbury . From 1966 he played the same role for the Decimal Currency Board , chaired by Lord Fiske , effectively giving him day-to-day responsibility for managing the transition to decimal currency. Despite the scale of the project, it encountered few problems, and the changeover was largely free from problems. His 1973 book, The Decimalisation of Britain’s Currency is considered the definitive account of the changeover.

    With the successful conclusion of decimalisation, Moore transferred to the Civil Service Department in 1972, with the grade of Under Secretary . He was much concerned with improving management in the Civil Service , ultimately serving as Principal of the Civil Service College in Sunningdale from 1981–86.

    Following Moore's retirement in 1986 he continued to be in demand as an advisor to the European Union on how to manage the transition to the Euro . He also advised the Bank of England for an exhibition marking 25 years since the introduction of the decimal currency.

    With his wife, Mary, whom he had married in 1954, he was a regular volunteer at an Oxfam shop in Brentwood . Mary died in January 2008. Moore died of a brain tumour on 30 May 2008, leaving two sons, David and Richard .

  • Henry Adam Procter (1883 – 26 March 1955) was a British Conservative Party Politician .

    Born in West Derby , Liverpool , he was educated at Bethany College , in the United States , the University of Melbourne and the University of Edinburgh . During the First World War he served in the Army from 1916 onwards. In 1920 he was Commissioned into the Army Educational Corps as a Captain ; he retired in 1922 with the rank of Major . He was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1931

    Procter was elected the Member of Parliament (MP ) for the Accrington constituency in the 1931 General Election , and was re-elected in 1935 . He was defeated at the 1945 General Election .

    He married Amy Bedford, and had three daughters . He died in Paddington aged 71.

  • Robert Michael Maitland Stewart , Baron Stewart of Fulham , CH , PC (6 November 1906 – 13 March 1990) was a British Labour Politician and Fabian Socialist who served twice as Foreign Secretary in the first cabinet of Harold Wilson.

    The son of Robert Wallace Stewart , Author and Lecturer , and Eva Stewart née Blaxley , Stewart was born in Bromley and educated at Brownhill Road Elementary School , Catford , Christ's Hospital and St. John's College , Oxford , where he graduated with a first class BA in philosophy in 1929.

    While at university, Stewart was President of the Oxford Union , and of St John's Labour Club (1929). He began his career as an official in the Royal Household during 1931. He worked for a short period with the Secretariat of the League of Nations , before becoming a schoolmaster , first at the Merchant Taylors' School in London , then at Coopers' Company's School , Mile End , and then at Frome , Somerset . During World War II , Stewart served in the Middle East , joining the Intelligence Corps in 1942, before transferring to the Army Educational Corps in 1943. He was promoted to Captain in 1944.

    On 26 July 1941 he married Mary Birkinshaw , later Baroness Stewart of Alvechurch ; they had no children. They were one of the few couples who both held titles in their own right .

    Stewart had contested the Lewisham West constituency in 1931 and 1935, and Fulham East in 1936; after the war he became MP for Fulham East 1945-55, then for Fulham 1955-74, and Hammersmith , Fulham 1974-79. Soon after his initial election, he was made a Junior Whip , then a Junior Minister , as Under-Secretary of State for War (1947–51) and later as Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply (May–October 1951). Following Labour's defeat in the 1951 Election , Stewart was a rising figure on the shadow front bench , serving as Shadow Minister of Education (1955–59) and then as Shadow Minister of Housing and Local Government (1959–64).

    Stewart was Fabian Summer School Director in 1952 and Lecturer in 1954. He was Fabian New Year School Lecturer in 1954-55 and Publicist in 1956. Stewart is listed as a member of the Fabian Society International Bureau Committee during 1957-58 and was mentioned in Fabian News Nov-Dec 1964 as a former member of the Fabian Executive Committee .

    When Harold Wilson became Prime Minister in 1964, Stewart was appointed Secretary of State for Education and Science . He was promoted to Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs in January 1965. He was described by the press as relatively unknown to the public but was extremely well known within Fabian Socialist circles . He became Secretary of State for Economic Affairs in 1966. From 1966 to 1968, he was First Secretary of State . He returned to the Foreign Office from 1968 to 1970. As Foreign Secretary , he was instrumental in supplying arms to support the Nigerian government's crushing of the secessionist movement in Biafra (when up to one million people died), later saying "It would have been quite easy for me to say: This is going to be difficult - let's cut off all connexion with the Nigerian Government. If I'd done that I should have known that I was encouraging in Africa the principle of tribal secession - with all the misery that could bring to Africa in the future. "

    A committed pro-European , Stewart was Leader of the Labour Delegation to the Council of Europe in June 1970, and joint President of the Labour Committee for Europe with George Brown and Roy Jenkins . He served as a member of the European Parliament from 1975 to 1976.

    Stewart was made a member of the Privy Counci l in 1964. In July 1979, he entered the House of Lords as a Life Peer with the title Baron Stewart of Fulham , of Fulham in Greater London. He died in 1990, aged 83.

  • Colonel Archibald Cecil Thomas White VC   MC (5 October 1890 – 20 May 1971) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cros s , the highest and most prestigious award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces .

    White was 25 years old , and a temporary Captain in the 6th Battalion , The Yorkshire Regiment (Alexandra , Princess of Wales's Own ) , later known as the Green Howards , British Army during the First World War when the following deed took place for which he was awarded the VC .

    During the period 21 September to 1 October 1916 at Stuff Redoubt , France , Captain White was in command of the troops which held the southern and western faces of a redoubt . For four days and nights by skilful disposition he held the position under heavy fire of all kinds and against several counterattacks . Although short of supplies and ammunition , his determination never wavered and when the enemy attacked in greatly superior numbers and had almost ejected our troops from the redoubt , he personally led a counter-attack which finally cleared the enemy out of the southern and western faces .

He later transferred to the Army Education Corps and achieved the rank of C olonel . He wrote a history of the Corps , published in 1963.

His Victoria Cross is displayed a t the Green Howards Museum in Richmond , North Yorkshire , England .

  • George Edward Cecil Wigg , Baron Wigg PC (28 November 1900 – 11 August 1983) was a British Politician who only served in relatively junior offices but had a great deal of influence behind the scenes, especially with Harold Wilson . Wigg served in the British Army for almost all his career up to his election as Member of Parliament for Dudley in 1945 . He served in the Royal Tank Corps from 1919 to 1937 and returned to service in the Second World War , being commissioned into the Army Educational Corps in 1940 and serving until 1946. He was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Emanuel Shinwell during the Attlee Government .

    According to veteran Press Association reporter Chris Moncrieff , Wigg was unpopular with Labour MPs but managed to use procedure to place the Profumo affair on the record in Parliament and led the pursuit of Profumo which ultimately resulted in the latter's resignation. Wigg also played an important part in the aftermath of the failed prosecution of suspected serial killer John Bodkin Adams by questioning in Parliament the unusual conduct of the Prosecution led by Attorney-General , Reginald Manningham-Buller .

    Wigg was already known for passing on gossip to Labour leader Harold Wilson , and when Labour won the 1964 Election Wilson appointed Wigg as Paymaster-General . This was a cover as his real responsibilities were many and varied . He was Wilson's link to the Security Service and the Secret Intelligence Service . In November 1967, he was appointed Chairman of the Horserace Betting Levy Board ( Wigg loved horse racing ) and left Parliament with a Life Peerage as Baron Wigg , of the Borough of Dudley . His resignation for parliament sparked a by-election in the Dudley seat in early 1968, with the Conservatives winning the seat before Labour reclaimed it at the General Election two years later .

    He had been made a Privy Councillor in 1964.

Royal Army Educational Corps soldiers

  • Clive Stanley Donner (21 January 1926 – 6 September 2010 ) was a British Film Director who was a defining part of the British New Wave , directing films such as The Caretaker , Nothing But the Best , Here We Go Round the Mulberry Bush and What's New Pussycat? . He also directed Television Movies and Commercials through the mid-1990s.

    Donner was born in West Hampstead , London . His father was a Concert Violinist and his mother ran a Dress Shop ; his grandparents were Polish immigrants . Donner began his filmmaking career while attending Kilburn Polytechnic . He started in the film industry working as a Cutting-room assistant at Denham Studios , having got the spot after joining his father , who was at the studio to record the soundtrack for the 1943 film The Life and Death of Colonel Blimp . Donner did National Service with the Royal Army Educational Corps , and afterwards was hired by Pinewood Studios as a Film Editor , where the movies he worked on included The Card , The Million Pound Note starring Gregory Peck , I Am a Camera , Alastair Sim 's 1951 Christmas classic Scrooge and the 1953 Genevieve , a comedy about two couples involved in a vintage automobile rally.

  • Eric John Ernest Hobsbawm , CH , FBA , FRSL (9 June 1917 – 1 October 2012) was a British Marxist Historian of the rise of Industrial Capitalism, Socialism, and Nationalism. His best-known works include his trilogy about the long 19th century ( The Age of Revolution : Europe 1789–1848 , The Age of Capital : 1848–1875 ; The Age of Empire : 1875–1914 ), The Age of Extremes on the short 20th century , and an edited volume which introduced the influential idea of " invented traditions ".

    Hobsbawm's household , which was Jewish , was living in Egypt when Hobsbawm was born . They moved to Vienna , Austria , two years later, and from there to Berlin , Germany . Following the death of his parents and the rise to power of Hitler , Hobsbawm moved to London , England , with his adoptive family and obtained his PhD in History at the University of Cambridge , before serving in World War II . Hobsbawm was President of Birkbeck , University of London for ten years until his death. In 1998 he was appointed to the Order of the Companions of Honour , a UK National honour bestowed for outstanding achievement in the Arts , Literature , Music , Science , Politics , Industry or Religion . In 2003 he was the recipient of the Balzan Prize for European History since 1900 , "For his brilliant analysis of the troubled history of twentieth-century Europe and for his ability to combine in-depth historical research with great literary talent. "

    Hobsbawm was born in 1917 in Alexandria , Egypt , to Leopold Percy Hobsbaum (né Obstbaum ), a merchant from the East End of London who was of Polish Jewish descent , and Nelly Hobsbaum (née Grün ), who was from a middle-class Austrian Jewish family background. His early childhood was spent in Vienna , Austria , and Berlin , Germany . A clerical error at birth altered his surname from Hobsbaum to Hobsbawm . Although the family lived in German-speaking countries , his parents spoke to him and his younger sister Nancy in English .

    In 1929, when Hobsbawm was 12 , his father died, and he started contributing to his family's support by working as an au pair and English tutor . Upon the death of their mother two years later (in 1931), he and Nancy were adopted by their maternal aunt , Gretl , and paternal uncle , Sidney , who married and had a son named Peter . Hobsbawm was a student at the Prinz Heinrich- Gymnasium Berlin (today Friedrich-List-School ) when Hitler came to power in 1933; that year the family moved to London , where Hobsbawm enrolled in St Marylebone Grammar School (now defunct).

    Hobsbawm attended King's College , Cambridge from 1936, where he was elected to the Cambridge Apostles . He received a doctorate (PhD) in History from Cambridge University for his dissertation on the Fabian Society . During World War II , he served in the Royal Engineers and the Royal Army Educational Corps .

    Hobsbawm's first marriage was to Muriel Seaman in 1943. They divorced in 1951. His second marriage was to Marlene Schwarz , with whom he had two children, Julia Hobsbawm and Andy Hobsbawm . Julia is chief executive of Hobsbawm Media and Marketing and a Visiting Professor of Public Relations at the College of Communication , University of the Arts London . He also had an-out-of-wedlock son, Joshua Bennathan .

    In 1947, he became a Lecturer in History at Birkbeck . He became Reader in 1959, Professor between 1970–82 and an Emeritus Professor of History 1982. He was a Fellow between 1949–55 of King's College , Cambridge . Hobsbawm spoke of the weaker version of McCarthyism that took hold in Britain and affected Marxist academics: "you didn't get promotion for 10 years , but nobody threw you out ". Hobsbawm was also denied a lectureship at Cambridge by political enemies, and, given that he was also blocked for a time from a professorship at Birkbeck for the same reasons, spoke of his good fortune at having got a post at Birkbeck in 1948 before the Cold War really started to take off. Conservative commentator David Pryce-Jones has questioned the existence of such career obstacles.

    Hobsbawm helped found the academic journal Past & Present in 1952. He was a Visiting Professor at Stanford in the 1960s. In 1970, he was appointed Professor and in 1978 he became a Fellow of the British Academy . He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1971 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 2006.  

    He retired in 1982 but stayed as Visiting Professor at The New School for Social Research in Manhattan between 1984–97. He was, until his death , President of Birkbeck (from 2002) and Professor Emeritus in The New School for Social Research in the Political Science Department . A polyglot, he spoke German , English , French , Spanish and Italian fluently , and read Portuguese and Catalan .

  • Peter Whelan (born 1931) is a British Playwright.

    Whelan was born and raised in Stoke-on-Trent , England . His works includes seven plays for the Royal Shakespeare Company , most of which are period pieces based on real historical events. The first of these was Captain Swing , in 1979. Another was The Herbal Bed , about a court case involving William Shakespeare 's daughter . It was first produced at the RSC's The Other Place theatre , Stratford-upon-Avon , in 1996 and was revived at The Duchess Theatre from April to October 1997.

    In 2008, his play The School of Night also originally produced at The Other Place theatre , in November 1992, made its U.S. debut at the Mark Taper Forum in Los Angeles . It fic tionalizes the relationships between Christopher Marlowe , Shakespeare , Thomas Kyd and Sir Walter Raleigh as well as the events leading up to Marlowe's death .

    Important papers of his are stored in the Borthwick Institute for Archives in the Library of the University of York .

 

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Refunds & Returns Full refund will be given up to 30 days after receipt of item, if the item is not as described in our listing. Provided the item is returned to us in it's original sealed packaging, and is undamaged. Refund (less p&p cost's) will be given, if the buyer changes their own mind about their purchase. Provided the item is returned to us in it's original sealed packaging, and is undamaged.
Contact Us Contact can be made via Email, and we usually respond back the same day.
BID WITH CONFIDENCE

 

 

 

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  • Condition: Neuf
  • Regiment Type: Services
  • Modified Item: No
  • Country/Region of Manufacture: United Kingdom
  • Decade: 1950s
  • Material: Anodised Aluminium
  • Theme: Military
  • Type: Collar Badges
  • Sub-Theme: British Army

PicClick Insights - Royal Army Educational Corps (Raec) Collar Badges PicClick Exclusif

  •  Popularité - 8 personnes suivent la vente, 0.0 de nouvelles personnes suivent la vente par jour, 2.305 days for sale on eBay. Super grande quantité suivi. 1 vendu, 6 disponibles.
  •  Meilleur Prix -
  •  Vendeur - 13.677+ articles vendu. 0% évaluations négative. Grand vendeur avec la très bonne rétroaction positive et plus de 50 cotes.

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